MPTP and/or TSPO have been previously correlated with various pathologies. However, they have never been correlated with the biological injury induced by tobacco products such as cigarette smoke (CS), nor has it been suggested that MPTP/TSPO related drugs/ligands be used to avoid such pathologies. Initial results of both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments showed that CS induced a significant alteration in the specific binding capacity of TSPO, which may be related to the pathogenic pathways leading to various CS induced pathologies such as cancer, aerodigestive and lung diseases such as COPD, cardiovascular diseases, oral periodontitis and many others.