This technology offers a low-cost, continuous and informative way of detecting electrophiles or nucleophiles in solution and in the gas phase. This has numerous applications like in early warning systems for nerve and mustard gas or for worker safety systems in various chemical industries. This technology works similar to the olfactory system of living organisms by using numerous chemosensors that identify electrophilic and nucleophilic molecules by chemically reacting with them. The technology was demonstrated using electrical (field effect transistors) as well as through optical (luminescence) means.